Newsroom

Cells (blue) at the ventral midline of the spinal cord, expressing netrin1 (red) and a fluorescent tracer (GFP, green).
Home Depot co-founder Bernard “Bernie” Marcus
Sensory interneurons (with nuclei in red) derived from mouse stem cells.
Image shows post-natal mouse spinal cord with the protein cofilin in red at left. At right, the cofilin (in red) has been inactivated by the gene Limk1. Neurons are shown in green and motor neurons in blue.
Human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons (green) showing nuclei in blue. Left: with retinoic acid added. Right: with retinoic acid and BMP4 added, creating proprioceptive sensory interneurons (pink).
Increasing the concentration of a certain type of BMP increases the production of the same categories of sensory interneurons (red and green). Left: no BMP added; center: 1x BMP added; right: 10x BMP added.
Left: axons (green, pink, blue) form organized patterns in the normal developing mouse spinal cord. Right: removing netrin1 results in highly disorganized axon growth.